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class="iconfont icon-home router-link-active" data-v-0c557b5e></a></li> <li data-v-0c557b5e><a href="/note/linux/#System-Linux" data-v-0c557b5e>System-Linux</a></li><li data-v-0c557b5e><a href="/note/linux/#基础" data-v-0c557b5e>基础</a></li></ul> <div class="info" data-v-0c557b5e><div title="作者" class="author iconfont icon-touxiang" data-v-0c557b5e><a href="https://github.com/shetengteng" target="_blank" title="作者" class="beLink" data-v-0c557b5e>Shetengteng</a></div> <div title="创建时间" class="date iconfont icon-riqi" data-v-0c557b5e><a href="javascript:;" data-v-0c557b5e>2022-02-26</a></div> <!----></div></div></div> <!----> <div class="content-wrapper"><div class="right-menu-wrapper"><div class="right-menu-margin"><div class="right-menu-content"></div></div></div> <h1><!---->进程管理<!----></h1>  <div class="theme-vdoing-content content__default"><blockquote><p>进程是正在执行的一个程序或命令，每个进程都是一个运行的实体，都有自己的<strong>地址空间</strong>，占用一定的系统资源</p></blockquote> <h2 id="介绍"><a href="#介绍" class="header-anchor">#</a> 介绍</h2> <p>在linux中，每个执行的程序，代码都称为一个进程，每个进程都分配一个ID号</p> <p>每个进程，都会对应一个父进程，父进程可以复制多个子进程，如 www 服务器</p> <p>每个进程都可能以2种方式存在</p> <ul><li>前台进程：用户目前的屏幕上可以进行操作的</li> <li>后台进程：实际操作的进程；在屏幕上无法看到的进程，通常使用后台方式执行</li></ul> <p>一般系统的服务都是以后台进程的方式存在，都会常驻在系统中，直到关机才结束</p> <h2 id="ps-显示系统执行的进程"><a href="#ps-显示系统执行的进程" class="header-anchor">#</a> ps 显示系统执行的进程</h2> <blockquote><p>process status</p></blockquote> <p>基本语法</p> <ul><li>ps -a 显示当前终端的所有进程信息</li> <li>ps -u 以用户的格式显示进程信息</li> <li>ps -x 显示后台进程运行的参数</li></ul> <h3 id="ps-aux-查看所有进程"><a href="#ps-aux-查看所有进程" class="header-anchor">#</a> ps aux 查看所有进程</h3> <p>ps -aux | grep xxx</p> <div class="language-shell line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-shell"><code><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@hadoop100 home<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># ps aux</span>
<span class="token environment constant">USER</span>        PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
root          <span class="token number">1</span>  <span class="token number">0.0</span>  <span class="token number">0.0</span>  <span class="token number">19344</span>  <span class="token number">1552</span> ?        Ss   Mar10   <span class="token number">0</span>:01 /sbin/init
root          <span class="token number">2</span>  <span class="token number">0.0</span>  <span class="token number">0.0</span>      <span class="token number">0</span>     <span class="token number">0</span> ?        S    Mar10   <span class="token number">0</span>:00 <span class="token punctuation">[</span>kthreadd<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
root          <span class="token number">3</span>  <span class="token number">0.0</span>  <span class="token number">0.0</span>      <span class="token number">0</span>     <span class="token number">0</span> ?        S    Mar10   <span class="token number">0</span>:00 <span class="token punctuation">[</span>migration/0<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
root          <span class="token number">4</span>  <span class="token number">0.0</span>  <span class="token number">0.0</span>      <span class="token number">0</span>     <span class="token number">0</span> ?        S    Mar10   <span class="token number">0</span>:00 <span class="token punctuation">[</span>ksoftirqd/0<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><p>说明</p> <ul><li>USER 	该进程是由哪个用户产生的</li> <li>PID		进程的ID号</li> <li>%CPU	该进程占用CPU资源百分比</li> <li>%MEM	占用物理内存百分比</li> <li>VSZ		占用虚拟内存大小，单位KB</li> <li>RSS 	占用实际物理内存大小，单位KB</li> <li>TTY	进程是哪个终端中运行的
<ul><li>tty1-tty7 代表本地控制台</li> <li>tty1-tty6代表本地字符界面终端</li> <li>tty7是图形终端</li> <li>pts/0-255代表虚拟终端</li></ul></li> <li>STAT	进程状态
<ul><li>R 正在运行</li> <li>S 睡眠</li> <li>T 停止状态或者被跟踪</li> <li>D 短期等待</li> <li>Z 僵死进程</li> <li>s 表示该进程是会话的先导进程</li> <li>N 表示进程拥有比普通优先级更低的优先级</li></ul></li> <li>START	进程的启动时间</li> <li>TIME	进程占用CPU运算时间，不是系统时间，进程使用CPU的总时间</li> <li>COMMAND	产生此进程的命令和参数，如果过长会被截断显示</li></ul> <h3 id="ps-ef-父子进程的关系"><a href="#ps-ef-父子进程的关系" class="header-anchor">#</a> ps  -ef 父子进程的关系</h3> <p>命令格式</p> <ul><li>ps -ef | grep xxx
<ul><li>以全格式显示当前所有的进程</li> <li>-e 显示所有进程</li> <li>-f 全格式</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="language-shell line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-shell"><code><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@hadoop100 home<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># ps -ef</span>
<span class="token environment constant">UID</span>         PID   <span class="token environment constant">PPID</span>  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root          <span class="token number">1</span>      <span class="token number">0</span>  <span class="token number">0</span> Mar10 ?        00:00:01 /sbin/init
root          <span class="token number">2</span>      <span class="token number">0</span>  <span class="token number">0</span> Mar10 ?        00:00:00 <span class="token punctuation">[</span>kthreadd<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
root          <span class="token number">3</span>      <span class="token number">2</span>  <span class="token number">0</span> Mar10 ?        00:00:00 <span class="token punctuation">[</span>migration/0<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
root          <span class="token number">4</span>      <span class="token number">2</span>  <span class="token number">0</span> Mar10 ?        00:00:00 <span class="token punctuation">[</span>ksoftirqd/0<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><p>说明：BSD风格显示</p> <ul><li>UID  用户ID</li> <li>PID  进程ID</li> <li>PPID  父进程ID</li> <li>C  CPU用于计算执行优先级的因子，值越大，说明进程是CPU密集型运算，执行优先级会降低；值越小，说明进程是IO密集型运算，执行优先级会提高</li> <li>STIME  进程启动时间</li> <li>TTY  完整的终端名称</li> <li>TIME  CPU时间</li> <li>CMD  启动进程所有的命令和参数</li></ul> <p>应用实例</p> <ul><li>查看sshd 进程的父进程号
<ul><li>ps -ef | grep sshd</li></ul></li></ul> <h2 id="kill-killall-终止进程"><a href="#kill-killall-终止进程" class="header-anchor">#</a> kill killall 终止进程</h2> <blockquote><p>若某个进程执行一半，需要停止时，或者已经消耗了很多的系统资源时，此时需要考虑停止该进程</p></blockquote> <p>基本语法</p> <ul><li>kill [选项] 进程号
<ul><li>通过进程号杀死进程</li> <li>选项
<ul><li>-9 表示强迫进程立刻终止</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>killall 进程名称
<ul><li>通过进程名称杀死进程，支持通配符</li> <li>在系统因为负载过大而变慢时很有用</li></ul></li></ul> <p>示例</p> <ul><li>kill -9 5553</li> <li>killall firefox</li></ul> <p>应用案例</p> <ul><li>剔除某个非法登录的用户
<ul><li>ps -aux | grep sshd
<ul><li>通过该命令，查出正在使用ssh的用户信息，找到对应的pid信息</li></ul></li> <li>kill 对应pid值</li></ul></li> <li>终止远程登录服务sshd，在适当的时候重启sshd服务
<ul><li>ps -aux | grep sshd
<ul><li>找到执行命令是 /usr/sbin/sshd的pid信息</li></ul></li> <li>kill 该pid的值</li></ul></li> <li>终止多个gedit 编辑器
<ul><li>killall gedit</li></ul></li> <li>强制杀掉一个终端
<ul><li>kill -9 pid</li></ul></li></ul> <h2 id="pstree-查看进程树"><a href="#pstree-查看进程树" class="header-anchor">#</a> pstree 查看进程树</h2> <p>基本语法</p> <ul><li>pstree [选项]</li></ul> <p>选项</p> <ul><li>-p  显示进程的PID</li> <li>-u  显示进程所属的用户</li></ul> <div class="language-shell line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-shell"><code><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@hadoop100 home<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># pstree -p</span>
init<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>─┬─ManagementAgent<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2002</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>─┬─<span class="token punctuation">{</span>ManagementAgen<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2019</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        │                       └─<span class="token punctuation">{</span>ManagementAgen<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2021</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        ├─NetworkManager<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2342</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        ├─VGAuthService<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1878</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        ├─abrtd<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2785</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        ├─acpid<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2457</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        ├─atd<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2812</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        ├─auditd<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2222</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>───<span class="token punctuation">{</span>auditd<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2223</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        ├─automount<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2546</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>─┬─<span class="token punctuation">{</span>automount<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2547</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        │                 ├─<span class="token punctuation">{</span>automount<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2548</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        │                 ├─<span class="token punctuation">{</span>automount<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2551</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@hadoop100 home<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># pstree -u</span>
init─┬─ManagementAgent───2*<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>ManagementAgen<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
     ├─NetworkManager
     ├─VGAuthService
     ├─abrtd
     ├─acpid
     ├─atd
     ├─auditd───<span class="token punctuation">{</span>auditd<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br></div></div><h2 id="top-动态监控进程"><a href="#top-动态监控进程" class="header-anchor">#</a> top 动态监控进程</h2> <p>基本语法</p> <ul><li>top [选项]</li></ul> <p>选项</p> <ul><li>-d 秒数  指定top命令每隔几秒更新，默认3s</li> <li>-i  不显示任务号闲置或者僵死的进程</li> <li>-p  通过指定监控进程ID的进程</li></ul> <p>交互操作：在输入top后，可以输入如下命令</p> <ul><li>P  以CPU使用率排序，默认</li> <li>M  以内存使用率排序</li> <li>N  以PID排序</li> <li>q  退出top</li></ul> <p>应用实例</p> <ul><li>监视特定用户
<ul><li>top</li> <li>输入u 回车，再输入用户名</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="language-shell line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-shell"><code><span class="token function">top</span> - <span class="token number">21</span>:30:15 up <span class="token number">16</span> days,  <span class="token number">1</span>:34,  <span class="token number">3</span> users,  load average: <span class="token number">0.00</span>, <span class="token number">0.01</span>, <span class="token number">0.05</span>
Tasks: <span class="token number">237</span> total,   <span class="token number">1</span> running, <span class="token number">236</span> sleeping,   <span class="token number">0</span> stopped,   <span class="token number">0</span> zombie
Cpu<span class="token punctuation">(</span>s<span class="token punctuation">)</span>:  <span class="token number">0.0</span>%us,  <span class="token number">0.1</span>%sy,  <span class="token number">0.0</span>%ni, <span class="token number">99.9</span>%id,  <span class="token number">0.0</span>%wa,  <span class="token number">0.0</span>%hi,  <span class="token number">0.0</span>%si,  <span class="token number">0.0</span>%st
Mem:   2038376k total,   906052k used,  1132324k free,   153668k buffers
Swap:  2097148k total,        0k used,  2097148k free,   469900k cached

PID <span class="token environment constant">USER</span>      PR  NI  VIRT  RES  SHR S %CPU %MEM    TIME+  COMMAND                
<span class="token number">1</span> root      <span class="token number">20</span>   <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">19344</span> <span class="token number">1552</span> <span class="token number">1232</span> S  <span class="token number">0.0</span>  <span class="token number">0.1</span>   <span class="token number">0</span>:01.61 init                    
<span class="token number">2</span> root      <span class="token number">20</span>   <span class="token number">0</span>     <span class="token number">0</span>    <span class="token number">0</span>    <span class="token number">0</span> S  <span class="token number">0.0</span>  <span class="token number">0.0</span>   <span class="token number">0</span>:00.01 kthreadd  
<span class="token punctuation">..</span>.

说明：
第一行：任务队列信息
<span class="token number">21</span>:30:15			系统当前时间
up <span class="token number">16</span> days, <span class="token number">1</span>:34 	系统的运行时间，已经运行1天13小时32分钟
<span class="token number">3</span> <span class="token function">users</span>				当前登陆了3个用户
load average:0.00,0.01,0.05 系统在之前1分钟，5分钟，15分钟的平均负载，一般认为小于1，负载较小，如果大于1，系统超出负荷

第二行：进程信息
Tasks：237total 	    系统中的进程总数
<span class="token number">1</span> running			 正在运行的进程数
<span class="token number">236</span> sleeping	     睡眠的进程
<span class="token number">0</span> stopped			 正在停止的进程
<span class="token number">0</span> zombie			 僵尸进程，如果不是0，需要手动检查僵尸进程

第三行：cpu信息
<span class="token number">0.0</span>%us		 		用户模式占用的CPU百分比
<span class="token number">0.1</span>%sy				系统模式占用的cpu百分比
<span class="token number">0.0</span>%ni				改变过优先级的用户进程占用的cpu百分比
<span class="token number">99.9</span>%id				空闲cpu的百分比
<span class="token number">0.0</span>%hi				硬中断请求服务占用的cpu百分比
<span class="token number">0.0</span>%si				软终端请求服务占用的cpu百分比
<span class="token number">0.0</span>%st				st steal <span class="token function">time</span> 虚拟时间百分比，当有虚拟机的时候，虚拟cpu等待实际cpu的时间百分比

第四行：物理内存
2038376k total		物理内存总量，KB
906052k used		已使用物理内存的数量
1132324k <span class="token function">free</span>		空闲的物理内存数量
153668k buffers 	作为缓冲的内存数据量

第五层：交换分区信息
2097148k total 		虚拟内存总大小
0k used				已使用的交互分区大小
2097148k <span class="token function">free</span>		空闲的交换分区大小
469900k cached		作为缓冲的交互分区大小
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br></div></div><ul><li>终止指定的进程
<ul><li>top</li> <li>输入k后回车，再输入要结束的进程ID号</li></ul></li> <li>指定系统状态更新时间（默认是3秒，设置为10秒）
<ul><li>top -d 10</li></ul></li></ul> <h3 id="关于安装htop"><a href="#关于安装htop" class="header-anchor">#</a> 关于安装htop</h3> <div class="language-shell line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-shell"><code><span class="token number">1</span>.下载
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@hadoop100 home<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/htop/files/htop/1.0.2/htop-1.0.2.tar.gz</span>
<span class="token number">2</span>.解压安装
<span class="token function">tar</span> -xvf htop-1.0.2.tar.gz
切换到对应的目录下
<span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> htop-1.0.2
./configure <span class="token operator">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="token function">make</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="token function">make</span> <span class="token function">install</span>
<span class="token number">3</span>.报错：configure: error: missing libraries: libncurses
yum <span class="token function">install</span> ncurses-devel
<span class="token number">4</span>.重新安装
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@hadoop100 htop-1.0.2<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># ./configure &amp;&amp; make &amp;&amp; make install</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div></div></div>  <div class="page-edit"><!----> <!----> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">Last Updated:</span> <span class="time">2022/03/20, 10:04:55</span></div></div> <div class="page-nav-wapper"><div class="page-nav-centre-wrap"><a href="/pages/bc0b1e/" class="page-nav-centre page-nav-centre-prev"><div class="tooltip">网络配置</div></a> <a href="/pages/17b8fe/" class="page-nav-centre page-nav-centre-next"><div class="tooltip">服务管理</div></a></div> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev">
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